A Scientific essay in Medical Sciences

DOCTORAL THESIS

To obtain the degree of doctor from the Radboud University of Nijmegen on the authority of Rector Magnificus, Prof. mr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Tuesday 15th September, 2009 at 15.30 p.m.

By:

Pieter A.A.M. van der Geld

Nijmegen

General introduction

Digital viograpic measurement of tooth display and lip position in smiling and speech: Reliability and clinical application

Smile attractiveness Self-perception and influence on personality

Tooth display and lip position during spontaneous and poses smiling in adults

Age-related changes of the dental aesthetic zone at rest and during spontaneous smiling and speech

Smile line assessment comparing quantitative measurement and visual estimation

General discussion